The Relationship Between Energy, Protein, and Iron Intake Levels with the Incidence of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in Class VIII Students at SMP Negeri 5 Surabaya

Abstract

Adolescents need energy, protein, and iron, for growth and development. Lack of energy will lead to reduced protein and fat which serve as alternative energy sources. Protein deficiency can affect food transport, resulting in reduced muscle mass. Iron deficiency can cause CED due to its effect on haemoglobin synthesis. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between the level of energy, protein, and iron intake with the incidence of CED in class VIII students at SMP Negeri 5 Surabaya. Materials and Methods using analytical observational cross sectional technique with 57 respondents. Data collection technique was random sampling. The study was conducted for 5 months. Data were collected through interviews and measurements of upper arm circumference. The results of the study students with CED category (68.4%). The highest level of energy intake was very low category (71.9%). The highest level of protein intake was very low category (70.2%). The highest level of iron intake was severe deficit category (98.2%). Conclusion there is a significant relationship between energy and protein intake with incidence of CED (p = 0.000 α < 0.05) and there is no relationship between iron intake with incidence of CED (p = 0.143 α > 0.05).