Optimizing Sappan Wood Extract to Boost Superoxide Dismutase Activity and Phagocytosis in Escherichia coli Infected Mice

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance, particularly in E. coli ESBL, is sparked by self-medication practices encouraged by infectious infections in Indonesia. It is anticipated that the application of immunomodulators like sappanwood will defeat resistant bacterial infections. Although sappanwood extract's antioxidant, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory properties have been demonstrated in earlier research, nothing is known about how it affects E. coli ESBL infections. The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not sappanwood extract can boost the immune response in mice harboring antibiotic-resistant E. coli. Methods: Fifty male rats were employed in the investigation, split into five groups. For ten days, ethanol extract of sappanwood (EEKS) at doses of 280 ppm, 560 ppm, and 840 ppm were administered to each of the three treatment groups (K1, K2, and K3), while the positive control group (K+) received standard brazilin. The negative control group (K-) received sterile distilled water. Following the injection of  E. coli ESBL into groups K+, K1, K2, and K3, measurements of SOD activity, phagocytosis capacity (KF), and phagocytosis index (IF) were performed. Results: When compared to the negative control group, the EEKS treatment group had higher KF of 86.4%, IF of 81%, and SOD levels of 64.3%. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of sappanwood significantly stimulated the immune system by raising the phagocytosis index and capacity as well as SOD enzyme activity.