Analysis of Stunting Factors and the Implementation of Stunting Prevention Programs based on Health Promotion Theory

Abstract

Objective: The prevalence of stunting in Surabaya City is high (24.5%), particularly among toddlers aged 24-59 months. This study aims to analyze factors associated with stunting and the implementation of stunting prevention programs based on the Health Promotion Theory in Surabaya City. Method: This research employed a quantitative approach with 200 toddlers selected through non- probability accidental sampling. Variables tested included birth length, birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding up to 2 years, immunization status, birth spacing, number of children, and economic status. Statistical analysis was used to identify the relationships between these variables and the occurrence of stunting, with path analysis to analyze multivariate impacts. Results: The study found significant associations between birth length, birth weight, the number of children, and economic status with stunting incidence. However, exclusive breastfeeding, breastfeeding up to 2 years, immunization status, and birth spacing did not exhibit significant relationships. Path analysis results indicated that only birth weight and economic status significantly influenced stunting occurrence. Conclusion: Birth weight, the number of children, and economic status play essential roles in stunting incidence. The implementation of prevention programs should consider these factors. Exclusive breastfeeding, breastfeeding up to 2 years, immunization status, and birth spacing do not significantly affect stunting. Recommendations: In stunting prevention efforts, a focus on birth weight and economic aspects is essential. Further research is recommended to explore other factors influencing stunting for more effective prevention program improvements.